Attributes and Epithets

Note that attributes or epithets were not always specific to one deity. They often have a very local meaning and may describe the location of a temple to the deity or other feature rather than a personal characteristic. I have taken much of this from Wikipedia and https://www.theoi.com/, supplemented from other sources where required, and simply condensed the information for reference and removed the more obscure ones.

Abrettenus surname of Zeus in Mysia.

Aëtophoros 'holding eagle'

Agamemnôn A surname of Zeus, under which he was worshipped at Sparta

Agoraeus Zeus as patron of the marketplace (agora) and punisher of dishonest traders

Aithiops 'the Glowing' or 'the Black'. A surname of Zeus, under which he was worshipped in the island of Chios

Aphesios 'Releasing (Rain)'

Apomuios 'driving away the flies,' a surname of Zeus at Olympia

Areius either 'warlike' or 'the atoning one'

Ataburios, a surname of Zeus derived from mount Atabyris or Atabyrion in the island of Rhodes

Aëtophoros holding an eagle

Brontios 'Thunderer' Zeus as a weather god.

Egiduchos or Aegiochos Usually taken as Zeus as the bearer of the Aegis, the divine shield with the head of Medusa across it

Eleutherios 'the freedom giver', specific to Athens. At Athens after the Battle of Plataea, Athenians built the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios

Epidôtês 'Giver of Good' an epithet of Zeus at Mantineia and Sparta

Georgos 'the Farmer' Zeus as god of crops and the harvest, worshipped in Athens

Hellanios ' ‘Bringer of the Rains’. Aiakus, King of Aigina prayed to Zeus to “avert drought and barrenness from the land of Greece”. In appreciation he built the mountaintop sanctuary. Used primarily in Sicily

Homagurios the god of the assembly or league, a surname of Zeus, under which he was worshipped at Aegium

Horkios Zeus as keeper of oaths occurs chiefly as a surname of Zeus, under which the god had a statue at Olympia

Hyetius 'the moist' or 'fertilising' god had an altar at Argos.

Kênaios, a surname of Zeus, derived from cape Cenaeum in Euboea, on which the god had a temple

Labrandos 'Furious' Worshiped at Caria, depicted with a double-edged axe (labrys)

Mêchaneus 'skilled in inventing' was a surname of Zeus at Argos.

Nikephoros 'holding Nike'.

Ourios 'of Favourable Wind' Ancient writers wrote about a sanctuary at the opening of the Black Sea dedicated to the Zeus Ourios In addition, on the island of Delos a dedication to Zeus Ourios was found.

Panamaros 'of the city of Panamara' there was an important sanctuary of Zeus Panamaros at the city of Panamara in Caria

Panhellenios 'of All the Greeks' worshipped at Aeacus's temple on Aegina

Phuzios 'the god who protects fugitives' occurs as a surname of Zeus in Thessaly.

Xenios patron of hospitality and guests, avenger of wrongs done to strangers

Acraea 'of the heights', simply referring to a temple of Athena on a hill

Ageleia is a composite word meaning 'doing' and 'spoils', particulary herds of cattle

Agoraea references protectors of the assemblies of the people in the agora or marketplace

AlalcomeneÏs 'guardian' and is specific to Athena. Perhaps associated with her temple at Alalcomenae in Boeotia

Alea is an independent goddess assimilated with Athena and associated with the Temple of Athena Alea at Tegea and also worshiped at Alea and Mantineia.

Alkidemos (also Alcis) 'defender of the people' and is specific to Pella, Macedonia

Ambulia possibly 'delayers of death' and is specific to Sparta

Anemotis 'subduer of the winds' is specific to the temple of Mothone in Messenia

Areia was a cultic epithet under which she was worshipped at Athens said to have been instituted by Orestes

Atrytone 'the Unwearying'

Axiopoenus 'just requital' Heracles raised a sanctuary to Athena Axiopoenus after he had avenged the death of Oeonus by slaying Hippocoon and his sons.

Budeia "oxen-yoker" a surname of Athena in Thessaly

Chalinitis 'bridler' for giving the winged horse Pegasus to Belerophon

Ergane 'the Industrious' points her out as the patron of craftsmen and artisans

Glaukopis, or Oxyderces "bright-eyed" or "with gleaming eyes". Diomedes dedicated a temple to Athena Oxyderces at Corinth

Hellotia An oracle had declared that a sanctuary should be erected to Athena Hellotis following the death of Hellotia in a Corinthian temple during the destruction of the city

Hippeia 'of the horses'. She was given her name because she was the first to use a chariot

Itonia worshiped widely in Thessaly and elsewhere. The name was derived from the town of Iton

Kourotrophos 'child nurturer'

Leitis 'goddess of booty' after an alter in Elis in gratitude for assiting in populating the city after their destruction by Heracles.

Pallas. Possibly daughter of Pallas, the winged giant, whom she afterwards killed on account of his attempting to violate her chastity

Parthenos 'virgin'

Polias 'of the city' refers to Athena's role as protectress of the city

Poliatas 'keeper of the city' after a sanctuary in Tegea

Promachus 'champion' as a protector and defender of heroes

Sthenias 'strong'. The Troezenians raised a temple to Athena Sthenias on their citadel

Tritogeneia unclear could mean various things, including "Triton-born"

*Note on Pallas. Socrates (Kratylos, 406d-407c) "As I see it, we would be right in thinking this name is derived from her dancing in weapons and armour, for lifting oneself or anything else up, whether above the earth, or in the hands is called ‘shaking’ (pallein) and ‘dancing’ or being shaken; (pallesthai)". Other explanation is that she accidentally killed a childhood friend called Pallas, daughter of Triton, and took the name in memory.

Akesios As he was worshiped at his temple at Elis

Ascetor God of the healing art or guardian against evil

Agonius “Helper in Struggles and Contests”

Agraios the hunter, a surname of Apollo. After he had killed the lion of Cithaeron, a temple was erected to him at Megara

Aguieus a surname of Apollo describing him as the protector of the streets and public places.

Archegetes Apollo as the leader and protector of colonies, or as the founder of towns in general

Karneios A surname of Apollo under which he was worshipped in various parts of Greece, especially in Peloponnesus. The worship of the Carneian Apollo was very ancient, and was probably established in Peloponnesus even before the Dorian conquest.

Dekatephoros The god to whom the tenth part of the booty is dedicated, was a surname of Apollo at Megara.

Delios Derived from the island of Delos, his birthplace.

Epibatêrios. The god who conducts men on board a ship, a surname of Apollo, under which Diomedes on his return from Troy built him a temple at Troezen.

Hecatus “Shooter from Afar”

Intonsus Unshorn, a surname of Apollo and Bacchus, alluding to the eternal youth of these gods, as the Greek youths allowed their hair to grow until they attained the age of manhood. Apollo was also said to have long shining locks forming the rays of the sun.

Ismenios. A surname of Apollo at Thebes, who had a temple on the river Ismenus.

Latoeus “Son of Leto”

Loxias. A surname of Apollo, which is derived by some from his intricate and ambiguous oracles (loxa)

Lukeios. A surname of Apollo, the meaning of which is not quite certain, for some derive it from lukos, a wolf, so that it would mean "the wolf-slayer;" others from lukê, light, according to which it would mean "the giver of light;" and others again from the country of Lycia.

Musagetes “Leader of the Muses”

Paean “the Healer”. Apollo was the doctor for the Olympian Gods said to have healed both Ares and Hades. This surname was shared by Apollo, Asclepius, and Thanatos.

Patareus “of Patara”. Patara in Lycia was once the site of an oracle to Apollo. It was also believed that Apollo spent the winter in Patara.

Phoibos. the shining, pure or bright, occurs both as an epithet and a name of Apollo, in his capacity of god of the sun.